View source

[[Category: Resource page]]
[[category: Terminology]]
'''Network neutrality''' (also net neutrality, Internet neutrality) is a principle proposed for residential broadband networks and potentially for all networks. A neutral broadband network is one that is free of restrictions on content, sites, or platforms, on the kinds of equipment that may be attached, and on the modes of communication allowed, as well as one where communication is not unreasonably degraded by other communication streams.

Though the term did not enter popular use until several years later, since the early 2000s advocates of net neutrality and associated rules have raised concerns about the ability of broadband providers to use their last mile infrastructure to block Internet applications and content (e.g. websites, services, protocols); particularly those of competitors. In the US particularly, but elsewhere as well, the possibility of regulations designed to mandate the neutrality of the Internet has been subject to fierce debate.

Neutrality proponents claim that telecom companies seek to impose a tiered service model for the purpose of profiting from their control of the pipeline to remove competition, create artificial scarcity, and buoy their otherwise uncompetitive services. Many believe net neutrality to be primarily important as a preservation of current freedoms. '''Vinton Cerf''', co-inventor of the Internet Protocol, Tim Berners-Lee, father of the web, and many others have spoken out strongly in favor of network neutrality.

Opponents of net neutrality include large hardware companies and members of the cable and telecommunications industries. Critics characterised net neutrality regulation as "a solution in search of a problem", arguing that broadband service providers have no plans to block content or degrade network performance.

Critics also argue that data discrimination of some kinds, particularly to guarantee quality of service, is not problematic, but highly desirable. '''Bob Kahn''', Internet Protocol's co-inventor, has called "net neutrality" a slogan, and states that he opposes establishing it, warning that "nothing interesting can happen inside the net" if it passes: "If the goal is to encourage people to build new capabilities, then the party that takes the lead in building that new capability, is probably only going to have it on their net to start with and it is probably not going to be on anybody else's net."

Further concerns relate to the risk that governments will be more likely to censor the Internet after net neutrality regulations are in place and that the telecom companies will, over time, slowly pervert the net neutrality rules in their favour (a very common occurrence for similar regulations intended to protect consumers).

Net neutrality regulations, like all regulations, will increase the base cost for ISP:s. This leads to competitive disadvantages for small ISP:s.

== Save The Internet FAQ ==

===What is Net Neutrality?===

'''Net Neutrality is the guiding principle that preserves the free and open Internet.'''

Net Neutrality simply means no discrimination. Net Neutrality prevents Internet providers from blocking, speeding up or slowing down Web content based on its source, ownership or destination.

===Who wants to get rid of Net Neutrality in the United States?===

The nation's largest telephone and cable companies -- including '''AT&T''', '''Verizon''', '''Comcast''' and '''Time Warner Cable'''.

===Is Net Neutrality a new regulation?===

Absolutely not. Net Neutrality has been part of the Internet since its inception. Pioneers like '''Vint Cerf''' and '''Sir Tim Berners-Lee''', '''the inventor of the World Wide Web''', always intended the Internet to be a neutral network. And non-discrimination provisions like '''Net Neutrality''' have governed the nation's communications networks since the 1920s.

But as a consequence of a 2005 decision by the Federal Communications Commission, Net Neutrality -- the foundation of the free and open Internet -- was put in jeopardy. Now, cable and phone company lobbyists are pushing to block legislation that would reinstate Net Neutrality.

===Isn't the threat to Net Neutrality just hypothetical?===

By far the most significant evidence of the network owners' plans to discriminate is their [http://www.savetheinternet.com/threats-open-internet stated intent to do so].

The CEOs of some large '''telecom companies''' have been clear about their plans to give faster service for companies willing to pay.

===Isn't this just a battle between giant corporations?===

No. Our opponents would like to paint this debate as a clash of corporate titans. But the real story is the millions of everyday people fighting for their Internet freedom.

Small business owners benefit from an Internet that allows them to compete directly -- not one where they can't afford the price of entry. Net Neutrality ensures that innovators can start small and dream big about being the next EBay or Google without facing insurmountable hurdles. Without Net Neutrality, startups and entrepreneurs will be muscled out of the marketplace by big corporations that pay for a top spot on the Web.

If Congress turns the Internet over to the telecom giants, everyone who uses the Internet will be affected. Connecting to your office could take longer if you don't purchase your carrier's preferred applications. Sending family photos and videos could slow to a crawl. Web pages you always use for online banking, access to health care information, planning a trip, or communicating with friends and family could fall victim to pay-for-speed schemes.

Independent voices and political groups are especially vulnerable. Costs will skyrocket to post and share video and audio clips, silencing bloggers and amplifying the voices of the big media companies. Political organizing could be slowed by the handful of dominant Internet providers that ask advocacy groups or candidates to pay to join the "fast lane."

===What else are the phone and cable companies not telling the truth about?===

'''AT&T''' and other telecom giants have funded a massive misinformation campaign, filled with deceptive advertising and "Astroturf" groups like Hands Off the Internet and NetCompetition.org.

Learn how to separate the myths from the realities in Save The Internet's report, [http://www.freepress.net/files/nn_fact_v_fiction_final.pdf Network Neutrality: Fact vs. Fiction].

===What's at stake if we lose Net Neutrality?===

The consequences of a world without Net Neutrality would be devastating. Innovation would be stifled, competition limited, and access to information restricted. Consumer choice and the free market would be sacrificed to the interests of a few corporations.

On the Internet, consumers are in ultimate control -- deciding between content, applications and services available anywhere, no matter who owns the network. There's no middleman. But without Net Neutrality, the Internet will look more like cable TV. Network owners will decide which channels, content and applications are available; consumers will have to choose from their menu.

The free and open Internet brings with it the revolutionary possibility that any Internet site could have the reach of a TV or radio station. The loss of Net Neutrality would end this unparalleled opportunity for freedom of expression.

The Internet has always been driven by innovation. Web sites and services succeed or fail on their own merits. Without Net Neutrality, decisions now made collectively by millions of users will be made in corporate boardrooms. The choice we face now is whether we can choose the content and services we want, or whether the broadband barons will choose for us.

===What's happening in the United States' Congress?===

The SavetheInternet.com coalition applauds the recent passage of the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act. The law, which unleashes $7.2 billion to expand broadband access and adoption, attaches open Internet conditions to all broadband networks built with public funds.

But these conditions only apply to the broadband lines built with federal stimulus money. We need to make Net Neutrality the law of the land to ensure that all networks are open and free from discrimination.

===Who's part of the SavetheInternet.com Coalition?===

The SavetheInternet.com Coalition is made up of hundreds of groups from across the political spectrum that are concerned about maintaining a free and open Internet. [http://www.savetheinternet.com/aboutjoin-us Click here] to see a list of coalition members.

No corporation or political party funds our efforts. We simply agree to a [http://www.savetheinternet.com/statement-principles statement of principles] in support of Internet freedom.

The coalition is being coordinated by Free Press, a national, nonpartisan organization working to reform the media. Please [https://secure.freepress.net/site/SSurvey?ACTION_REQUIRED=URI_ACTION_USER_REQUESTS&SURVEY_ID=1161 complete this brief survey] if your group would like to join this broad, bipartisan effort to save the Internet.

===Who else supports Net Neutrality?===

'''The supporters of Net Neutrality''' include leading tech companies such as Amazon.com, EBay, Google, Intel, Microsoft, Facebook, Skype and Yahoo. Prominent national figures such as Internet pioneer '''Vint Cerf''', Stanford law professor '''Lawrence Lessig''' and Acting FCC Chairman '''Michael Copps''' have called for stronger Net Neutrality protections.

President Barack Obama himself pledged to “take a back seat to no one” in his commitment to Net Neutrality. And the administration’s technology policies now posted on the White House Web site list Net Neutrality as the top priority.

Editorial boards at the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, San Jose Mercury News, Seattle Times, St. Petersburg Times and Christian Science Monitor have all have urged Congress to save the Internet.

=== Is there any concrete examples of broken Net Neutrality? ===

==== Service limitation ====
Limiting of a service from the content providers side. That is limiting or closing down services on the ISP/server side.

==== Client limitaton ====
Reducing the bandwidth for certain services/protocols.
* UPC Netherlands
 UPC claims that the system, which will run from noon to midnight and will cut users' 
 bandwidth by two thirds when accessing bandwidth-intensive services, will enable it 
 to solve network problems and provide customers with faster access. 
 [http://www.pcauthority.com.au/News/153855,dutch-isp-heralds-end-of-net-neutrality.aspx]
* French 3g providers
Blocking streaming services and competing voice over IP services.

* French: [http://www.laboutique.bouyguestelecom.fr/147-forfaits-internet-mobile--gamme.html bouyguestelecom 3g service agreement]
* English: [http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laboutique.bouyguestelecom.fr%2F147-forfaits-internet-mobile--gamme.html&sl=fr&tl=en&history_state0= bouyguestelecom 3g service agreement]
Quote from agreement regarding disallowed services:
 "...hors usage peer to peer, newsgroup, VOIP et routeur."

* French: [http://www.sfr.fr/internet-mobile/offres-internet-mobile-cle-internet-3g/les-offres-internet-3g-?vue=00235e# sfr 3g service agreement]
* English: [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfr.fr%2Finternet-mobile%2Foffres-internet-mobile-cle-internet-3g%2Fles-offres-internet-3g-%3Fvue%3D00235e%23 sfr 3g service agreement]
Quote from agreement regarding disallowed services:
 ". Peer to peer, Voix sur IP et Newsgroups interdits. "

* French: [http://www.orange.fr/bin/frame.cgi?u=http%3A//sites.orange.fr/boutique/mobile.html Orange 3g service agreement]
* English: [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orange.fr%2Fbin%2Fframe.cgi%3Fu%3Dhttp%253A%2F%2Fsites.orange.fr%2Fboutique%2Fmobile.html Orange 3g service agreement]
Quite from agreement regarding disallowed services:
 "Forfaits ne permettant pas un usage voix. Voix sur IP, Peer-to-Peer et
 Newsgroups interdits. Le piratage nuit à la création artistique."

* Blocking of VoIP
Blocking of online vioce communication,such as Iax2, SIP, Skype, DialPad and Net2Phone.
List of isp's and contries that are [http://www.voip-sol.com/10-isps-and-countries-known-to-have-blocked-voip/ blocking Voice Over IP services]

==== National isolation ====
Limiting the Internet access and service level for inhabitants in a nation.

None so far.

===What can I do to help?===

== Links ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_neutrality Network neutrality wikipedia]

[[Net neutrality resource page]]

[http://www.research-service.com/ paper writing]

[http://www.merchantos.com/ pos software]

[http://www.savetheinternet.com/ Save The Internet]

[[Nätneutralitet]]

[[Search neutrality]]

[http://www.telepocalypse.net/archives/000905.html F2C: Network neutrality speech]

[http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9775 The Durable Internet: Preserving Network Neutrality without Regulation]

[http://www.laquadrature.net/en/we-must-protect-net-neutrality-in-europe-open-letter-to-the-european-parliament We Must Protect Net Neutrality in Europe! - Open letter to the European Parliament]

[[OpenInternet.gov]]

[[Nätverksneutralitet i Sverige: Teledok 2.0 Seminarium]]

Marcin De Kaminski, Juliagruppen: [http://www.internetdagarna.se/track/anvandarnas-internet/internet-vill-vara-neutralt Internet vill vara neutralt]

[http://cybernormer.se/2009/09/04/bor-natneutralitet-vara-absolut-och-allomfattande/ Bör nätneutralitet vara absolut och allomfattande?]

[http://mashable.com/2009/09/18/fcc-net-neutrality/ VICTORY: FCC to Mandate Net Neutrality for the Web]

[http://www.savetheinternet.com/blog/09/09/18/fcc-may-propose-net-neutrality-rules-monday FCC May Propose Net Neutrality Rules on Monday]

[http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSSP41101420090917 India security agencies seek Internet telephony ban]

[http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5g3qbQGtRB4V2C-riHWB29D-Ji_4w FCC chairman to outline rules for 'net neutrality']

[http://www.iptegrity.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=410&Itemid=9 EU negotiator lands top job in AT&T]

[http://openinternet.gov/read-speech.html Read the Speech - OpenInternet.gov]

[http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/09/21/fcc-plan-for-open-internet-perfect-lessig-says-atandt-verizon/ FCC plan for open internet 'perfect,' Lessig says; industry critical] [http://www.davediscovers.com/ facebook login]

[http://www.savetheinternet.com/blog/09/10/22/net-neutrality-good-investment Net Neutrality Is a Good Investment]

[http://www.rsf.org/European-Union-adopting.html European Union adopting regulations that will penalize Internet users]

[http://www.piac.ca/telecom/canadian_consumers_need_more_net_neutrality/ Canadian Consumers Need More Net Neutrality]

[http://www.bradenton.com/technology/story/1918267.html Net neutrality protects free speech on Internet]

[http://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs/document/view?id=7020408441  Net neutrality regulation: The economic evidence]
[http://www.merchantos.com/ pos software]